Ranked: The World’s Biggest Carbon Emitters

Which Countries Produce the Most Carbon Emissions?

China is the world’s largest greenhouse gas emitter by a wide margin, but how do other major economies compare?

This graphic ranks countries by their share of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2025, using data from the European Commission’s Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR). Global shares exclude international aviation and shipping.

The Countries Producing the Most Emissions

China leads the ranking with nearly 16 billion metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions in 2025, roughly 2.7 times the U.S. total. India ranks third, followed by Russia and Indonesia.

Together, the five largest emitters account for nearly 58% of global emissions, highlighting how much of the world’s total comes from a small number of economies.

Rank	Country	Mt CO2eq/yr (2025)	Global Share (2025)
1	China	15,981	30.3%
2	United States	6,018	11.4%
3	India	4,508	8.5%
4	Russia	2,574	4.9%
5	Indonesia	1,359	2.6%
6	Brazil	1,307	2.5%
7	Iran	1,119	2.1%
8	Japan	1,063	2.0%
9	Saudi Arabia	845	1.6%
10	Canada	765	1.4%
11	Mexico	717	1.4%
12	South Korea	696	1.3%
13	Germany	660	1.3%
14	Türkiye	611	1.2%
15	Australia	578	1.1%
16	Vietnam	548	1.0%
17	Pakistan	531	1.0%
18	South Africa	519	1.0%
19	Iraq	428	0.8%
20	Thailand	401	0.8%
21	Egypt	391	0.7%
22	France	377	0.7%
23	UK	376	0.7%
24	Nigeria	368	0.7%
25	Kazakhstan	358	0.7%
26	Italy	354	0.7%
27	Argentina	354	0.7%
28	Poland	347	0.7%
29	Malaysia	337	0.6%
30	Taiwan	302	0.6%
31	Spain	293	0.6%
32	UAE	279	0.5%
33	Philippines	270	0.5%
34	Algeria	269	0.5%
35	Bangladesh	241	0.5%
36	Uzbekistan	214	0.4%
37	Ukraine	210	0.4%
38	Colombia	206	0.4%
39	Ethiopia	191	0.4%
40	Venezuela	178	0.3%
41	Kuwait	177	0.3%
42	Qatar	166	0.3%
43	Netherlands	150	0.3%
44	Oman	140	0.3%
45	Myanmar	133	0.3%
46	Sudan	131	0.2%
47	Turkmenistan	125	0.2%
48	Libya	118	0.2%
49	Chile	116	0.2%
50	Morocco	113	0.2%
51	Kenya	109	0.2%
52	Mongolia	106	0.2%
53	Belgium	106	0.2%
54	Peru	105	0.2%
55	Tanzania	103	0.2%
56	Czechia	103	0.2%
57	Chad	102	0.2%
58	Romania	97	0.2%
59	North Korea	92	0.2%
60	Belarus	88	0.2%
61	Israel	77	0.1%
62	New Zealand	74	0.1%
63	Singapore	73	0.1%
64	Greece	71	0.1%
65	Angola	71	0.1%
66	Austria	70	0.1%
67	Ecuador	70	0.1%
68	Bahrain	68	0.1%
69	Serbia	68	0.1%
70	Bolivia	59	0.1%
71	Uganda	59	0.1%
72	Cambodia	58	0.1%
73	Azerbaijan	58	0.1%
74	Hungary	57	0.1%
75	Democratic Republic of the Congo	57	0.1%
76	Ireland	57	0.1%
77	Sweden	55	0.1%
78	Portugal	53	0.1%
79	Norway	53	0.1%
80	Dominican Republic	52	0.1%
81	Ghana	51	0.1%
82	Mali	50	0.1%
83	Bulgaria	49	0.1%
84	Finland	48	0.1%
85	Niger	48	0.1%
86	Tunisia	45	0.1%
87	Syria	44	0.1%
88	Uruguay	44	0.1%
89	Nepal	43	0.1%
90	Zambia	43	0.1%
91	Switzerland	42	0.1%
92	Paraguay	42	0.1%
93	Côte d’Ivoire	42	0.1%
94	Zimbabwe	41	0.1%
95	Guatemala	40	0.1%
96	Laos	40	0.1%
97	Cameroon	40	0.1%
98	Jordan	40	0.1%
99	Yemen	39	0.1%
100	Hong Kong	38	0.1%
101	Slovakia	38	0.1%
102	Mozambique	37	0.1%
103	Somalia	35	0.1%
104	Cuba	35	0.1%
105	Denmark	35	0.1%
106	Burkina Faso	34	0.1%
107	Madagascar	33	0.1%
108	Senegal	33	0.1%
109	Trinidad and Tobago	33	0.1%
110	Afghanistan	32	0.1%
111	Sri Lanka	31	0.1%
112	Guinea	30	0.1%
113	Croatia	27	0.1%
114	Bosnia and Herzegovina	27	0.1%
115	Honduras	25	0.05%
116	Kyrgyzstan	24	0.05%
117	Congo	24	0.05%
118	Tajikistan	24	0.05%
119	Malawi	22	0.04%
120	Lebanon	21	0.04%
121	Benin	20	0.04%
122	Panama	20	0.04%
123	Gabon	20	0.04%
124	Lithuania	20	0.04%
125	Nicaragua	20	0.04%
126	Georgia	19	0.04%
127	Mauritania	18	0.03%
128	Costa Rica	18	0.03%
129	Slovenia	16	0.03%
130	El Salvador	16	0.03%
131	Puerto Rico	15	0.03%
132	Estonia	14	0.03%
133	Central African Republic	13	0.03%
134	Papua New Guinea	13	0.02%
135	Namibia	13	0.02%
136	Botswana	13	0.02%
137	Haiti	12	0.02%
138	Brunei	11	0.02%
139	Moldova	11	0.02%
140	Togo	11	0.02%
141	Latvia	11	0.02%
142	Armenia	11	0.02%
143	Guyana	11	0.02%
144	North Macedonia	10	0.02%
145	Jamaica	10	0.02%
146	Rwanda	10	0.02%
147	Cyprus	9	0.02%
148	Sierra Leone	8	0.02%
149	Albania	8	0.01%
150	Equatorial Guinea	8	0.01%
151	Burundi	8	0.01%
152	Luxembourg	7	0.01%
153	Mauritius	7	0.01%
154	New Caledonia	7	0.01%
155	Eritrea	6	0.01%
156	Liberia	5	0.01%
157	Iceland	4	0.01%
158	Suriname	4	0.01%
159	Fiji	3	0.01%
160	Eswatini	3	0.01%
161	Bhutan	3	0.01%
162	Guinea-Bissau	3	0.01%
163	Lesotho	3	0.01%
164	Réunion	3	0.01%
165	Djibouti	2	0.00%
166	Malta	2	0.00%
167	Maldives	2	0.00%
168	Macao	2	0.00%
169	The Gambia	2	0.00%
170	Bahamas	2	0.00%
171	Timor-Leste	2	0.00%
172	Palau	2	0.00%
173	Curaçao	2	0.00%
174	Guadeloupe	1	0.00%
175	French Polynesia	1	0.00%
176	Martinique	1	0.00%
177	Seychelles	1	0.00%
178	Barbados	1	0.00%
179	Cabo Verde	1	0.00%
180	Belize	1	0.00%
181	Comoros	1	0.00%
182	Western Sahara	1	0.00%
183	Greenland	1	0.00%
184	Vanuatu	1	0.00%
185	French Guiana	1	0.00%
186	Aruba	1	0.00%
187	Solomon Islands	1	0.00%
188	Samoa	0.5	0.00%
189	Saint Lucia	0.5	0.00%
190	Cayman Islands	0.4	0.00%
191	Antigua and Barbuda	0.4	0.00%
192	Tonga	0.3	0.00%
193	Gibraltar	0.3	0.00%
194	Bermuda	0.3	0.00%
195	São Tomé and Príncipe	0.3	0.00%
196	Grenada	0.3	0.00%
197	Turks and Caicos Islands	0.2	0.00%
198	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	0.2	0.00%
199	Falkland Islands	0.2	0.00%
200	Saint Kitts and Nevis	0.2	0.00%
201	Dominica	0.2	0.00%
202	Cook Islands	0.1	0.00%
203	Kiribati	0.1	0.00%
204	British Virgin Islands	0.1	0.00%
205	Faroes	0.1	0.00%
206	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	0.04	0.00%
207	Anguilla	0.03	0.00%
208	Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha	0.02	0.00%

Note: Some entries combine multiple geographic areas, as reported in the source data.

Population helps explain emissions totals, but energy consumption and industrial activity also play major roles.

Saudi Arabia, for example, produces more greenhouse gases than Pakistan despite having a much smaller population. Australia also generates more than twice Bangladesh’s emissions, even though its population is less than one-sixth as large.

These differences reflect factors such as fossil fuel dependence, energy-intensive industries, and each country’s energy mix.

Where Emissions Are Starting to Fall

Despite their large shares of global emissions, some of the world’s biggest emitters are beginning to see declines.

In 2025, China’s energy-related CO₂ emissions fell by around 0.5%, helped by expanding renewable and nuclear power generation. India’s energy-related CO₂ emissions also declined in 2025, helped by renewable power growth and cooler weather.

Europe has seen more sustained reductions. Emissions in Italy, Germany, and the UK have fallen by double-digit percentages over the past decade. Across the EU, greenhouse gas emissions have declined 40% since 1990, even as its economy grew by more than 70%.

These trends highlight how emissions can decline even as economies continue to grow, although global emissions remain heavily concentrated among a handful of countries.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

To learn more about this topic, explore this graphic breaking down global greenhouse gas emissions by sector.