According to the Ukrainian president, the country received no advance warning of the attack.
"It is important that the world does not let this happen in silence. And it is important that the United States really sees what is happening and who is responsible for the continuation of this war," Zelenskyy writes.
"A residential building was also hit, and rescue workers are currently putting out a fire there," the post further states.
The criticism that Ukraine was not notified of the attack echoes other criticism Zelenskyy made on Tuesday, after the attack on Kyiv overnight.
The warnings save lives and are "one of the most important issues," he wrote on social media, adding: "It's what stops people from being killed."
He does not specify whom the criticism is directed at, but he has criticized US President Donald Trump in the past week, particularly after Trump said it was time for new leadership in Ukraine.
Trump said on Tuesday that the United States had not stopped sharing information with Ukraine but was helping the country.
"We want to end the war, so we're working with them and with Russia," Trump told reporters outside the White House.