The Humanoid Economy by Modar Alaoui Published Today by Wiley

SAN FRANCISCO — The Humanoid Economy: What Physical AI Means for Investment, Industry, and the Future of Work, a new book by Silicon Valley investor and Humanoids Summit founder Modar Alaoui, is published today by Wiley.

is available from all leading book retailers, with more information at

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“The next phase of the humanoid economy is less about what a robot can do once for a camera, and more about what it can do every day for a business,” said Alaoui. “Getting there will require more than better robots. It will require the manufacturing, capital, infrastructure, policy and public acceptance to deploy them at scale. The humanoid race won’t be won by whoever builds the best demo, but by whoever builds the best ecosystem.”

The book examines humanoid robotics not simply as a new category of machines, but as the foundation of a broader economic system emerging around physical AI.

As humanoids move from laboratories and demonstrations into factories and other real-world environments, they are beginning to intersect simultaneously with labor, artificial intelligence, manufacturing, capital, safety, public policy, culture and geopolitics. Alaoui argues that all of those systems will have to evolve alongside the technology if humanoids are ever to reach their potential.

Across seven chapters, The Humanoid Economy looks beyond the robots themselves to the forces that will determine whether humanoids become a transformative industry or remain a technological promise.

Alaoui examines some of the conventional wisdom surrounding humanoids; including how they should be funded, what widespread adoption will actually require, and why fears about replacing human workers are “structurally implausible.” He also examines why some of the most important signals of progress may have little to do with headline-grabbing demonstrations.

“Humanoids will scale like an industrial technology, not a consumer app,” adds Alaoui. “I expect humanoids to scale more like the telephone than the iPhone.”

The book has received endorsements from leaders spanning humanoid robotics, research, automation, and commercialization.

, director of the Intelligent Robotics Laboratory and professor at Osaka University, says the book brings together the technological, economic and societal forces behind humanoid robotics and provides “an important perspective on where the field is headed.”

, president of the Association for Advancing Automation (A3), calls the book a look at “a pivotal moment in robotics,” bringing together advances in AI, hardware, standards and deployment.

, professor at The University of Texas at Austin and co-founder of Apptronik, says Alaoui frames humanoids not as replacements for people, but as technology that can “unlock new possibilities” and “amplify human labor.”

, co-founder and chief of operations at MassRobotics, says the next wave of industrial investment will require more than hardware, highlighting the importance of “capital, standards, and trust” in allowing humanoids to operate safely around people.

, head of robotics at Fraunhofer IPA, says the book demonstrates why humanoid robotics represents “far more than another generation of industrial automation,” examining the technologies, markets and ecosystem moving humanoids into real-world use.

Long-term estimates for the humanoid robotics industry vary widely, with projections cited by Morgan Stanley Research projecting that the market could surpass $5 trillion by 2050. Rather than assuming such forecasts are inevitable, The Humanoid Economy examines what would actually have to happen for the industry to approach that scale.

That includes manufacturing capacity and supply chains; new approaches to financing hardware-intensive companies; safety standards and regulation; workforce preparation; business models capable of supporting fleets of machines; and public willingness to share workplaces and eventually other human environments with humanoid robots.

“Once that transition occurs, humanoids stop being discussed as technology and start being discussed as infrastructure,” Alaoui writes.

Alaoui is founder and general partner of ALM Ventures and founder and chair of Humanoids Summit, which brings together robotics companies, investors, researchers, manufacturers and policymakers. He also founded the Bay Area Robotics Association and created International Humanoids Day.

In The Humanoid Economy, Alaoui draws on that experience to examine why the humanoid form factor is attracting significant investment, why physical AI presents different economic challenges from software AI, and how competition among the United States, China and other nations is turning humanoid robotics into a strategic industrial issue.

is written for investors, business leaders, robotics founders, policymakers, and others trying to understand not simply where humanoid technology is going, but what will have to develop around it.

Alaoui will mark the publication of The Humanoid Economy with a book signing and fireside chat in San Francisco on October 13, followed by another fireside chat and book signing at MassRobotics in Boston on October 15.

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Modar Alaoui (Wiley, October 2026). ISBN

978-1-394-45364-1. For more information, please visit

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