Ebola: ACPN advocates ‘Pharmacy First’ protocol for early detection

The Association of Community Pharmacists of Nigeria (ACPN) has called on the federal government to position community pharmacies for early identification of suspected Ebola cases and other infectious disease outbreaks.

ACPN National Chairman, Pharm. Ezeh Ambrose, who made the call in a statement said there was the need for the federal government to adopt a nationwide ‘Pharmacy First’ protocol.

According to the association, Nigeria could strengthen its epidemic preparedness by integrating community pharmacists into the national disease surveillance system, leveraging their widespread presence to improve early detection, facilitate timely referrals and reduce pressure on secondary and tertiary healthcare facilities.

ACPN emphasised that the federal and state health authorities should formally recognise community pharmacies as critical partners in epidemic surveillance and primary healthcare delivery, and that
deploying the proposed protocol across Nigeria’s 774 local government areas would bring early symptom identification closer to the people, particularly in communities where access to conventional healthcare facilities may be limited.

“We consider it necessary to sensitise and mobilise the Federal Government to approve specific investment plans to leverage the Pharmacy First Initiative as a front-line Ebola detection protocol, which stands as one of the best mechanisms to catalyse Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in Nigeria,” it said .

ACPN added, “The initiative would expand community pharmacy practice beyond the dispensing of medicines to include early symptom recognition, health education, basic screening and prompt referral of individuals presenting with symptoms suggestive of Ebola or other infectious diseases.

“Properly structured community pharmacies could serve as accessible first-contact points, helping to identify suspected cases early and directing them to designated health facilities for appropriate assessment and testing”.

ACPN stressed that the approach could strengthen referral pathways, support contact-tracing efforts and ensure that individuals suspected of having highly infectious diseases receive timely guidance on isolation and further medical evaluation, thereby reducing the risk of exposure in crowded hospital settings.

“At the centre of strategising for epidemic response and Universal Health Coverage, governments at all levels must structure community pharmacies to provide first-line Ebola screening and Primary Health Care services through better access to essential drugs and management of uncomplicated diseases, which ultimately reduces the burden of services on secondary and tertiary health facilities,” it said.

It noted, “To meet these expanding public health responsibilities, community pharmacists nationwide should improve operational standards, embrace modern practice models and invest in facility upgrades that would support quality service delivery.” and that “In view of changing times, Community Pharmacists must respond accordingly to explore investment opportunities with free funds to achieve the goals of Good Pharmacy Practice (GPP) in the realistic interest of patients.”

Identifying persistent gaps in policy leadership, digital integration, evidence generation, quality improvement and collaboration among healthcare professionals as major obstacles to Nigeria’s epidemic preparedness and response, ACPN said, “To address these challenges, there is the need for a reform framework built around five key priorities.

While warning that delays in establishing an effective grassroots surveillance mechanism could undermine outbreak response efforts and expose healthcare workers, patients and the wider population to avoidable risks, the association said, “we cannot afford to repeat past missteps where delayed grassroots surveillance allowed outbreaks to spiral out of control.

“If the Federal Government fails to integrate community pharmacies into this primary protocol, our major hospitals will inevitably become ground zero for cross-infection, overwhelmed before an outbreak is even fully mapped. Leaving community pharmacies out of the first line of defence is not just a missed opportunity; it is an unacceptable hazard to national health security.”

ACPN then called on President Bola Tinubu to issue an executive directive enabling the immediate implementation of the proposed protocol and that the existing network of community pharmacies could provide a foundation for rapid deployment.

“Every day of delay places an unnecessary burden on our tertiary hospitals and leaves millions of Nigerians without accessible early detection. Community pharmacies are already fully staffed, equipped, and embedded across all 774 Local Government Areas. We require zero infrastructure expenditure from the government to deploy this immediately. We urge President Bola Tinubu to issue the enabling policy directive today, and our national network will activate the ‘Pharmacy First’ screening protocol within 48 hours,” it said.

It also urged the Tinubu administration and the Federal Ministry of Health to establish a joint task force to develop and formalise the framework, including clear clinical guidelines, referral procedures, surveillance protocols and coordination mechanisms for community pharmacists.