A heated climate policy debate puts India and the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) under the spotlight at the Berlin Global Dialogue. Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal challenged Europe’s climate policies, questioning whether its climate policies adequately account for historical emissions and the responsibilities of developed countries. He argues that India’s lower per-capita emissions, clean-energy push and development needs must be considered in global climate discussions. Goyal also invokes the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” agreed under the Paris climate framework, arguing that developed nations must do more to support developing countries in their decarbonisation efforts. He questions the progress on climate-finance commitments and says the EU’s carbon rules raise broader concerns about fairness, energy access and economic development.