The judge's decision came after a conservation organization raised the alarm that around 430 trees had been cut down in historic East Potomac Park on Saturday, The Hill reports.
"I gave you my trust not to do exactly what you have done," Judge Ana Reyes said at a hearing on Monday.
East Potomac Park is a popular recreational area with, among other things, three relatively inexpensive golf courses that Trump wants to transform into a championship-worthy course where professional tournaments will be held.
The setback is the latest in a series of legal blows for Donald Trump. As recently as September, a judge overturned the president's ban on several media outlets.