Turkey was among the Group of 20 (G20) economies whose greenhouse gas emissions increased in 2025, a United Nations report found.
The 2026 Emissions Gap Report, published by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), examines the gap between countries’ climate commitments and the emissions cuts needed to limit global warming.
Turkey’s emissions rose along with those of the United States, China and Indonesia, while emissions declined in the European Union and Russia.
Turkey’s climate pledge sets a 2035 emissions ceiling of 643 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, a measure used to compare the warming effects of different greenhouse gases.
That ceiling is higher than the emissions level projected under policies Turkey has already adopted, meaning the country could meet its target without introducing further measures.
Turkey and Russia stand out for setting targets above their projected emissions, limiting the additional cuts their pledges would deliver, the assessment found.
The findings come as Turkey prepares to host the 31st United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP31) in the Mediterranean city of Antalya November 9-20.
Globally, even full implementation of countries’ climate pledges would leave the world heading toward about 2.6 degrees Celsius of warming this century compared with preindustrial levels, the report warned.
The Paris Agreement aims to keep warming well below 2 degrees Celsius while pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5 degrees.
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