Rising gas prices have pushed inflation up, vacuuming up more of Americans' dollars, yet consumers are still proving resilient in spending and powering the economy, at least for now.
A slew of economic data last week showed that inflation accelerated last month as more expensive oil and gas began to lift prices in other parts of the economy, including shipping and warehousing, before the increases reach most Americans.
Wholesale food prices also jumped, which could make groceries more expensive in the months ahead.
At the same time, consumers also ramped up their spending, according to data released on Thursday. Although much of the increase reflected higher prices, consumer resilience is powering solid U.S. economic growth.
Workers are enjoying an unusual degree of job security despite scattered layoffs, which likely encourages spending despite surveys showing that many Americans have a gloomy economic outlook.
It all adds up to an economy in which people are spending money but don't feel good about it.
"Consumers may have gritted their teeth and looked through higher gas prices," said Jim Baird, chief investment officer at Plante Moran Financial Advisors. "They're not happy, but they're still spending."
A report Thursday on wholesale prices helps explain the gloom: The government's producer price index (PPI), which measures costs before they reach the consumers, jumped 6.3% in September from a year earlier, the biggest increase in nearly four years.
On a monthly basis, prices soared 1.3% from August to September, powered by a 20% rise in gas prices.
Higher diesel prices have made shipping more expensive because long-haul trucks and freight trains rely on the fuel. Higher transportation costs may have helped push up food costs, which rose 1.2% from August to September, the biggest monthly gain since February.
The wholesale price report followed the latest consumer price figures, released Wednesday, which showed inflation rising to 3.7% in September, far above the 2% target set by the Federal Reserve (Fed).
"The jolt to transportation prices affects every good in the economy, since inputs to manufacturing move to factories and goods at all stages of production move from producer to wholesaler to retailer by truck, train or rail," wrote Carl Weinberg, chief economist at High Frequency Economics.
"This is how increases in energy prices ‘bleed through’ to prices of core goods."
Farmers also rely on diesel to power most of their equipment, which could further push up food prices. Diesel prices averaged $6.32 a gallon nationwide Thursday, according to AAA, up from just $3.66 a year ago.
Despite those cost pressures, retail sales rose a solid 0.8% from August, more than economists had forecast. The increase was driven by a 6.4% jump in spending at gas stations, but consumers also spent elsewhere, including a healthy 1.1% rise at restaurants and bars.
Excluding gas, retail sales rose just 0.2% last month, with much of that also reflecting higher prices.
Economists say that as long as unemployment stays low and Americans continue working, spending will likely stay resilient. Hiring has been sluggish, but layoffs are also unusually low.
Another report Thursday showed that the number of people seeking unemployment benefits stayed below 200,000 last week, a historically low figure. Applications for unemployment aid are a proxy for layoffs.
"If the unemployment rate remains low, meaning consumers have a job, they will continue to spend, even if more cautiously and leaning increasingly on savings and credit," Kathy Bostjancic, chief economist at Nationwide, said in an email.
Many economists worry, however, that as inflation stays high, it will steadily erode Americans' spending power and start to weigh on the economy. Weekly paychecks, adjusted for inflation, actually declined in September compared with a year ago for the first time since May.
And September hiring slowed to a disappointing 29,000 jobs from a revised 133,000 in August, according to the Labor Department early this month. The unemployment rate ticked higher to 4.2% from the previous month, which is still low. Yet economists had expected September payrolls to come in around 90,000.
Stubbornly elevated inflation also means the Federal Reserve will likely raise its key interest rate in the coming months in an effort to slow spending and bring down inflation. When the Fed raises its rate, that can raise borrowing costs for mortgages, car loans, and credit cards over time.
According to minutes released from the most recent meeting, most Fed officials expect that another interest rate increase will likely be needed this year to combat inflation.
The Fed increased its key interest rate by a quarter-point to about 3.9% in September, its first increase in three years.
The increase defied U.S. President Donald Trump’s repeated calls for the Fed to cut rates and prompted the president to criticize the Fed’s rate-setting committee, although he still expressed support for Chair Kevin Warsh, whom he appointed earlier this year.