A housing cooperative established to help Black and immigrant families remain in San Francisco after urban renewal displaced residents from the historic Fillmore neighbourhood is moving closer to a major redevelopment.
Freedom West Homes has secured a $23 million city subsidy, alongside private financing, for its long-planned transformation into a residential district with nearly 2,400 homes. According to the San Francisco Chronicle and local news outlet SFist, the project is designed to replace ageing buildings while allowing longtime cooperative shareholders to retain their ownership stakes rather than being pushed out by redevelopment.The proposed redevelopment, known as Freedom West 2.0, covers a 10-acre site in San Francisco’s Western Addition. The revised plan calls for nearly 2,400 homes, of which 17% would be income-restricted. It also includes a new affordable senior housing building intended to accommodate current residents as the larger project advances in phases. The funding boost marks an important step for a project that has faced financial challenges because of its unusual cooperative ownership structure and the cost of replacing ageing housing.
A cooperative born out of displacement
Freedom West’s origins are closely linked to the urban renewal programmes that reshaped San Francisco’s Fillmore District during the mid-20th century. The neighbourhood had developed into an important centre of African American life, culture and business, particularly as Black residents moved to San Francisco during the Great Migration. Redevelopment projects later cleared large areas of the Western Addition, displacing residents and disrupting established communities and businesses.Freedom West was among the housing initiatives that emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s in response to that upheaval. The cooperative was created to give Black and immigrant families a way to remain in the neighbourhood through shared ownership rather than relying solely on rental housing. Its complex was completed in 1973 and consists of 382 cooperative homes spread across four blocks, according to SFist.The cooperative’s land is bounded by Gough Street, Fulton Street, Golden Gate Avenue and Laguna Street, surrounding the historically African American Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church.
The site is home to around 1,000 cooperative shareholders, about half of whom are senior citizens. Many have family connections to the original development and view ownership as a way to preserve a foothold in a neighbourhood transformed by decades of redevelopment and rising housing costs.The cooperative model is central to the project’s purpose. Rather than simply replacing older buildings with new apartments, Freedom West 2.0 aims to preserve the residents’ ownership interests while creating additional housing on the site.
Freedom West’s board president, Mattie Scott, said the founders created the cooperative so that Black and immigrant families displaced from the Fillmore could continue to live in the area and own homes there.
The redevelopment, she said, should allow those families to remain part of the neighbourhood’s future.
How the 2,400-home plan will work
The current proposal is smaller than an earlier version of the redevelopment plan, which envisioned 2,515 homes.
The revised scheme combines replacement cooperative housing with market-rate development and affordable homes, allowing the organisation to use the value of part of its land to help finance the rebuilding of the existing complex.Under the plan described by SFist, Freedom West intends to sell roughly two-thirds of its property to market-rate developers and redevelop the remaining third for affordable housing and replacement cooperative homes.
The proposed mix includes 1,885 market-rate homes and 267 replacement co-op units, alongside the initial senior housing phase. Overall, 17% of the planned homes would be income-restricted.The first stage, known as Phase 0, is planned as a 115-unit affordable housing building for seniors at 880 McAllister Street. It is intended to provide housing for older residents as the wider redevelopment moves forward. SFist reported that Freedom West was targeting a groundbreaking in mid-2027 for this initial phase.
That is a planned milestone, not confirmation that construction has begun.The broader project also involves a proposed 25-year development agreement with San Francisco. According to the San Francisco Chronicle, the agreement would provide long-term planning certainty and allow zoning for buildings of up to 345 feet on the site. The city’s financial support and private gap financing are intended to help bridge the difference between the cost of development and the funds available through conventional housing programmes.
Why funding has been difficult
Financing Freedom West 2.0 has presented a challenge because the property operates as a limited-equity cooperative rather than a conventional affordable rental development. Many established affordable housing subsidies and tax-credit programmes are designed around rental properties, making them difficult to apply to a project in which residents own shares in a cooperative.To help address this issue, the redevelopment's financing strategy includes private contributions and a mechanism that would use future property tax revenues to support affordable housing.
The San Francisco Chronicle reported that the new $23 million city subsidy, combined with private financing from organisations including the Crankstart Foundation, provides important financial momentum.The latest funding announcement follows earlier efforts to raise money for the project. In December 2024, Freedom West announced that commitments from organisations including the San Francisco Foundation, Low Income Investment Fund and Menorah Park had brought its predevelopment funding to more than $30 million.
The organisation described the wider Freedom West 2.0 plan as a $2.3 billion revitalisation project.That earlier fundraising was intended to support the work needed before construction, including planning and development. It should not be confused with the total construction budget or the newly announced $23 million subsidy.
Redevelopment without losing ownership
For Freedom West, the challenge is to modernise an ageing complex without repeating the displacement that led to its creation.
Its cooperative structure gives residents a stake in the property, and the redevelopment plan is intended to preserve that stake through replacement homes. The organisation has said it wants current shareholders to move into modernised housing without additional monthly housing costs.The proposal also reflects a wider dilemma for historically Black neighbourhoods: how to replace deteriorating housing and add homes without excluding the people who have maintained communities there for generations.
New construction can expand the housing supply, but its benefits depend in part on who can afford to remain and who has a say in shaping the neighbourhood.Freedom West 2.0 is not yet a completed redevelopment, and its construction will unfold over multiple phases. But the new financial support moves the proposal forward while keeping resident ownership at its centre. For a cooperative founded in the aftermath of urban renewal, the ambition is to make redevelopment a means of staying in the neighbourhood, rather than another reason to leave it