Russia is expanding its military presence in Libya by developing access to airfields, ports and transport routes. The infrastructure supports Moscow’s operations in North Africa and other parts of the continent. Libya’s political divisions have provided opportunities for Russia to strengthen its position.
Russia has maintained ties with rival political camps in Libya, although its military cooperation with General Khalifa Haftar remains more developed. Russian forces initially operated through the Wagner Group before the Africa Corps assumed a growing role. The Africa Corps operates under Russia’s Ministry of Defence.
Read more: UK sanctions Russia-backed Wagner group successor
Satellite imagery indicates Russian access to six Libyan aviation facilities: Al-Khadim, Al-Jufra, Tamanhint, Matan al-Sarra, Al-Qardabiyah and Brak al-Shati. Since 2024, construction has included hangars, accommodation, warehouses and technical facilities. However, these remain Libyan military installations rather than formally Russian bases.
The facilities serve different logistical purposes. Al-Jufra supports Russian personnel and operations, while Al-Khadim facilitates movements between Libya and other African countries. Infrastructure improvements at Tamanhint support transport aircraft. Brak al-Shati helps sustain Russia’s presence in southern Libya.
Russia is also using port infrastructure in eastern Libya, particularly Tobruk. Russian vessels have previously delivered military equipment, including armoured vehicles and artillery. Moscow has also transferred some personnel and equipment from Syria to eastern Libya following the collapse of Bashar al-Assad’s government in December 2024.
Libya provides Russia with routes to support operations in the Sahel, including Mali and Burkina Faso. The network also connects with supply routes through Guinea, Togo and Cameroon. These links help Russia transport personnel, fuel, ammunition, vehicles and other equipment closer to its operations across Africa.
Russia’s expanding infrastructure has implications for NATO’s southern flank, although the article reports no confirmed deployment of Russian missile systems in Libya intended to strike European countries. Moscow has long sought a permanent military facility there, including possible naval access at Tobruk. Its expanding logistical network could further strengthen its position in the Mediterranean and across Africa.