Gabriella Rothberg, a 17-year-old student from Miami, is developing genetically engineered tomatoes designed to produce heme, a molecule associated with meat flavour. Her project could have nutritional applications, but its taste and health benefits remain unproven.
A sandwich made for her father sparked an unusual scientific question for Gabriella Rothberg: could a tomato be engineered to taste like a hamburger? Two years later, the 17-year-old student from Miami is pursuing that idea through a biotechnology project that could eventually change how certain foods are developed.
Teen scientist patents project to develop tomatoes with a meat-like flavour
Rothberg, a senior at Ransom Everglades School in Florida, is working on Impossible Vines, a project aimed at genetically engineering tomato plants to produce heme, an iron-containing molecule associated with the characteristic flavour of meat.
She is collaborating with Maddison Marshall, a doctoral candidate at the University of Miami, to develop the technology.
According to reports by The Miami New Times and The Times of India, Rothberg and her father, biotechnology entrepreneur Jonathan Rothberg, are named as inventors on a US patent issued in June 2026.
The patent, assigned to Impossible Vines Inc, describes methods for engineering vegetables, including tomatoes, to produce heme.
How the tomatoes could taste like meat
Rather than turning vegetables into processed meat substitutes, Rothberg wants to change what the plant itself produces. The approach involves using Agrobacterium, a bacterium commonly employed in plant biotechnology to transfer genetic material into plant cells.
The aim is to introduce genetic instructions that enable tomato plants to produce the desired compound. Heme is important to the project because it contributes to the flavour associated with meat and is also used in the development of certain plant-based meat alternatives.
Rothberg has described the intended result as biting into a tomato and experiencing the taste of a hamburger. However, that remains the project's ambition, not a confirmed result.
The tomatoes have not undergone reported taste testing or entered commercial production, and their ability to deliver the intended flavour has yet to be established.
The research also encountered practical difficulties. The plants failed to develop as expected for several months before Rothberg and Marshall discovered that the vitamin concentration in their growth medium was incorrect. After the formulation was adjusted, growth began to improve.
Could the technology improve nutrition?
For Rothberg, the idea extends beyond creating a novelty food. She hopes the technology could eventually help make certain nutrients more accessible in communities where meat is expensive or difficult to obtain.
She has identified pregnant women in developing countries as one group that could potentially benefit if the technology can deliver meaningful nutritional advantages.
Iron deficiency is a significant public health concern, but whether these tomatoes could provide sufficient amounts of absorbable iron remains unproven.
The project also reflects Rothberg's interest in using artificial intelligence to support scientific work. She has said AI tools helped her develop genetic constructs, prepare patent materials and build a business plan.
Her family background has also shaped her interest in research. Her father helped pioneer next-generation DNA sequencing, while her mother, Bonnie Gould Rothberg, is a physician and cancer researcher.
For now, the patent marks a step towards developing the technology, not proof that a hamburger-flavoured tomato is ready for consumers. Establishing its flavour, nutritional value, safety and commercial viability will require further work.
About the Author
Trisha Bhattacharya
Trisha Bhattacharya is a Senior Content Producer at Livemint, with over two years of experience covering entertainment news from India and beyond. She spends her days tracking what’s trending, breaking down pop culture moments, and turning fast-moving entertainment stories into sharp, engaging reads that actually make people want to click — and stay. <br> She holds a Master’s degree in English Literature from Lucknow University, a background that shapes her love for layered narratives, strong voices, and stories that linger long after they’re told. Before joining Livemint, Trisha worked with India Today as an entertainment journalist and film critic. There, she reviewed films, covered industry news, and built a strong foundation in storytelling and cultural analysis. <br> Trisha enjoys working at the intersection of media, culture, and audience interest, always looking for fresh angles and formats. Films, shows, and music are not just her beat but her biggest passion — something that naturally reflects in her writing. Whether it’s cinema, streaming shows, music, or internet trends, she approaches every story with curiosity and intent. <br> Outside the job description, she’s unapologetically passionate about films, shows, and music — sometimes a little too passionate, if you ask her. That enthusiasm often spills into her work, adding personality, urgency, and a touch of chaos that keeps her writing alive. For Trisha, entertainment isn’t just a beat — it’s a language she speaks fluently.