Pakistan’s vehicle population has increased by more than 770% since 1990, adding to concerns about worsening air pollution. A recent study found that the country’s growing number of vehicles has contributed to transport-related emissions. The findings highlight the environmental challenges facing major cities as vehicle numbers continue to rise.
Pakistan had approximately 4.47 million vehicles in 1990, according to the study. By 2025, the total had climbed beyond 39 million. This sharp increase reflects a major change in the country’s transport landscape over three decades.
Carbon dioxide emissions also rose significantly during the period covered by the report. Pakistan’s emissions increased from 13.8 million tonnes in 1990 to 43.6 million tonnes in 2023. The figures show a substantial rise in emissions alongside the expansion of the vehicle population.
The study highlighted transport’s contribution to carbon dioxide emissions in several major urban centres. Lahore recorded the highest reported share at 81.3%. Transport accounted for 53% of emissions in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, while Peshawar recorded 51%.
Karachi’s reported transport-related share stood at 33%, according to the findings. These figures point to differences in transport emissions across Pakistan’s major cities. However, the report did not provide further details about the methods used to calculate each city’s share.
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Beyond environmental damage, the study raised concerns about the possible effects of air pollution on public health. It cited an estimated seven-year reduction in average life expectancy associated with exposure to polluted air. This finding highlights the potential long-term consequences of continued pollution exposure.
The findings underline the growing challenge of managing transport emissions as Pakistan’s urban centres expand. Vehicle numbers have risen sharply, while carbon dioxide emissions have also increased over time. The study highlights the importance of addressing transport-related pollution, although it does not specify particular policy measures or implementation timelines.