AFRICA: International partnerships can provide laboratories, technology, expertise, training and access to global scientific networks that many African institutions would struggle to finance alone.
Africa’s research agenda is increasingly becoming part of a wider debate over intellectual sovereignty, as universities, think tanks and researchers across the continent confront heavy dependence on international funding.
Foreign financing has played an important role in expanding African research capacity, supporting universities, strengthening scientific networks and financing studies in areas ranging from health and agriculture to climate change and governance. But the funding model can also create vulnerabilities when research priorities become closely connected to the interests and priorities of external funders.
A 2026 study of research-intensive public universities in Tanzania found that sustainable research funding remains a major challenge and that universities rely heavily on externally funded research projects and international development partners. The study, covering the University of Dar es Salaam, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences and Sokoine University of Agriculture, found that donor priorities can sometimes influence researchers’ choices of research topics.
One researcher quoted in the study warned that excessive dependence on external sources can force researchers to align with donor priorities rather than local needs, potentially limiting academic freedom and innovation. The researchers therefore recommended stronger internal funding mechanisms, local partnerships and supportive national policies.
A 2026 analysis of sub-Saharan African think tanks found that foreign foundations were cited as a funding source by 78 percent of respondents, while 70 percent cited multilateral organisations and 50 percent cited foreign governments. The same survey found that many institutions have limited financial reserves, leaving them exposed to changes in international development financing.
Recent changes in international funding have already demonstrated the vulnerability of African research institutions. Nature reported in January 2026 that donor-funding cuts had slowed research activity across Africa and left scientists facing uncertainty, highlighting the continent’s dependence on international funding systems.
The problem is therefore not simply the presence of foreign money. It is the power that comes with controlling a significant share of research resources.
When research institutions depend heavily on external grants, researchers may have stronger incentives to pursue topics for which international funding is available. Areas considered important to national governments, local communities or African industries may receive less attention when they do not fit prevailing international funding priorities.
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An Africa-focused science organisation has similarly warned that policy discussions can sometimes be driven by limited data generated by funding partners with particular interests in research and innovation priorities.
The Association of African Universities and other continental academic organisations launched the Africa Charter for Transformative Research Collaborations in 2023. The charter calls for research partnerships that address power imbalances, strengthen African institutions and challenge the dominance of Western knowledge systems in research about Africa.
The Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology operates a national research-grant register containing information on research calls, themes, funders, publication years and public budget fields. Such systems can improve visibility over who is financing research and which areas are receiving support.
There are also signs that domestic research financing can play a larger role. In September 2026, the University of Dar es Salaam reported that two research projects worth more than TZS 3.12 billion had been secured during the April–June reporting period, with one funded by COSTECH and another by the European Union.
International partnerships can provide laboratories, technology, expertise, training and access to global scientific networks that many African institutions would struggle to finance alone.
The greater policy challenge is ensuring that collaboration does not become a substitute for domestic intellectual capacity.
At the University of Dar es Salaam in September 2026, African university leaders and international partners called for partnerships that leave behind stronger institutions, better-equipped researchers, new knowledge and lasting solutions rather than relationships defined mainly by funding and individual projects.
For Tanzania, a stronger intellectual-sovereignty strategy could therefore focus on expanding government-funded research programmes, establishing competitive national research grants, increasing university research budgets and creating stronger funding links between universities, Tanzanian industries and local authorities.
Think tanks could similarly develop domestic endowments, private-sector partnerships and locally funded research programmes to reduce excessive dependence on international grants.
A national research funding initiative could provide predictable financing for research selected through transparent national priorities while maintaining academic independence and competitive peer review.
This would not eliminate foreign-funded research. Instead, it would give Tanzanian institutions greater bargaining power and greater freedom to determine which problems deserve sustained attention.
The long-term objective should be a research system in which international partners remain important collaborators, but African institutions increasingly have the financial capacity to define, investigate and explain African problems on their own terms.
For Tanzania, intellectual sovereignty will ultimately depend not only on who conducts the research, but also on who finances it, who sets the priorities and who controls the knowledge produced.
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